Military and Security in Nigeria

Nigeria's military and security apparatus, encompassing a range of forces and responsibilities, plays a crucial role in maintaining the country's internal and regional stability. This comprehensive security framework is tailored to address the diverse challenges Nigeria faces, from internal conflicts to regional counter-terrorism efforts.

Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN)

Composition

The AFN comprises the Army, Navy (including the Coast Guard), and Air Force, forming the backbone of Nigeria's defense capabilities.

Personnel Strengths

With approximately 135,000 active-duty personnel, the AFN is a significant force in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ministry of Interior

• Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) - Primarily assists in internal security management, including handling attacks and natural disasters. It boasts around 80,000 personnel.
• Nigeria Police Force (NPF) - The NPF is a key player in maintaining law and order across the nation.

National Security Advisor

This role involves the coordination of security and enforcement agencies, including the NSCDC, Department of State Services (DSS), Ministry of Justice, and NPF, ensuring a unified approach to national security issues.

Border Security

A shared responsibility among various agencies, border security is critical in managing the inflow and outflow of goods and people, and in preventing illegal activities.

Military Expenditure and Equipment

Expenditure

At 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.), Nigeria's military budget has seen a steady, albeit minimal, increase.

Modernization

The focus is on diversifying weaponry, with China and Russia being leading suppliers. Nigeria is also developing its defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored vehicles, and naval production.

Service Age and Obligation

The service age is voluntary, ranging from 18-26 years for both men and women, with no conscription.

Military Deployments

Nigeria contributes troops to international missions, such as 175 troops in Sudan/South Sudan (UNISFA) and around 200 in MINUSMA, Mali. Additionally, it has committed an Army brigade to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) for regional counter-terrorism.

Military Challenges and Focus

The AFN is actively engaged in counterinsurgency operations against groups like Boko Haram and ISIS-WA in the northeast. Addressing banditry and farmer-herder conflicts in the northwest and securing the oil industry in the Niger Delta are also key priorities. The Navy, with a focus on Gulf of Guinea security, has strengthened its maritime strategy and naval assets.

Historical Background

The roots of Nigeria's military trace back to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF) formed in 1900, which played roles in World Wars I and II. Post-independence in 1960, it was renamed and reorganized. In summary, Nigeria's military and security sectors are pivotal in ensuring the nation's safety and sovereignty. With a diverse range of responsibilities and challenges, from counterterrorism to protecting vital national industries, the AFN and associated security forces are central to maintaining peace and stability in the region.